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Virgil, The Aeneid

 

Virgil: an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid.

Virgil

 

Aeneid: a Latin epic poem, written by Virgi, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans.

 

-cide: kill

For example: suicide, homicide, insecticide

 

-cracy: to govern; to rule

For example: democracytheocracy, monocracy

*demo: demon

  theo: god

  mono: one

 

Aphrodite(Venus): goddess of love, beauty, pleasure, and procreation. Aphrodite was born near her chief center of worship, Paphos, on the island of Cyprus. Cronus severed Uranus' genitals and threw them behind him into the sea. The foam from his genitals gave rise to Aphrodite.

The birth of Aprodite

 

Artemis(Diana): goddess of the Hunt, Forests and Hills, the Moon. She was daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin sister of Apollo.

Diane de Versailles Leochares.jpg

Artemis

 

Athena: goddess of wisdom, courage, inspiration, civilization, law and justice, strategic war, mathematics, strength, strategy, the arts, crafts, and skill.

Mattei Athena Louvre Ma530 n2.jpg

Athena

 

Persephone: daughter of Zeus and the harvest goddess Demeter, and is the queen of the underworld. Persephone was abducted by Hades, the god-king of the underworld. Demeter, when she found her daughter had disappeared, searched for her all over the earth with torches. She forbids the earth to produce. Helios, the sun, who sees everything, eventually told Demeter what had happened and at length she discovered the place of her abode. Finally, Zeus, pressed by the cries of the hungry people and by the other deities who also heard their anguish, forced Hades to return Persephone.The myth of her abduction represents her function as the personification of vegetation, which shoots forth in spring and withdraws into the earth after harvest; hence, she is also associated with spring as well as the fertility of vegetation. 

 Hades abducting Persephone

 

Pomegranate(紅石榴): Hades gave Persephone six pomegranates to eat and because she had tasted food in the underworld, she was obliged to spend a third of each year (the winter months) there, and the remaining part of the year with the gods above.

Persephone eating pomegranate

 Persephone eating the pomegranate

 

Hades: god of the underworld. According to myth, he and his brothers Zeus and Poseidon defeated the Titans and claimed rulership over the cosmos, ruling the underworld, air, and sea, respectively.

Hades-et-Cerberus-III.jpg

Hades

 

Pygmalion: a Cypriot sculptor who fell in love with a statue he had carved and named her Galatea. In time, Aphrodite's festival day came, and Pygmalion made offerings at the altar of Aphrodite. There—too scared to admit his desire—he quietly wished for a bride who would be "the living likeness of my ivory girl". When he returned home, he kissed his ivory statue, and found that its lips felt warm. He kissed it again, touched its breasts with his hand, and found that the ivory had lost its hardness. Aphrodite had granted Pygmalion's wish.

 

Pygmalion effect (比馬龍效應): the phenomenon whereby the greater the expectation placed upon people, the better they perform.

 Pygmalion and Galatea

 

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